There are 5 disorders that fall under Autism Spectrum Disabilities:
A. Autistic Disorder
- severe developmental disability characterized by an early age of onset, poor social development, impairments in language development, and rigidity in behavior
B. Asperger's Disorder
- sustained and often lifelong impairments in social interactions and the development of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
C. Rett's Disorder
- following typical dev. during first year of life, a genetic deficit, almost exclusively affecting girls
- rapid deterioration of behavior, language, and purposeful hand movements as well as retardation and seizures
D. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- rare condition in which a typically developing 3 to 15 year- old child experiences a rapid loss of language, social, motor, and toileting skills
E. Pervasive Developmental Disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)-
- vague designation used to describe children who resemble those with autistic or Asperger's disorder but differ in a diagnostically significant way (like age of onset)
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1. Characteristics:
- pervasive, lifelong difficulties in social interaction skills and deficiencies in communication
- extreme and rigid interests and behaviors
- low rates of eye contact, or gaze, to others
- lack of attention to multiple dimensions of a task
- stereotypical and repetitive movements and behaviors
- social isolation
- limited receptive and expressive language skills
- difficulty understanding personal and interpersonal emotions/behaviors
2. Demographics
- approximately 120,000 children diagnosed with autism in 2002
- a 500% increase in children with ASD served under IDEA in the past 10 years
- 4 times as many boys as girls are identified
3. Assessments/Education Programs
- rating scales, observation protocols, and semi-structured interviews
- transdisciplinary functional behavior assessments
- general education classrooms
- specialized programs in public or private schools
- residential programs
4. Outcomes
- lifelong and chronic disability
- ongoing problems with social aspects of life, jobs, and independence
- success depends on early intervention, quality and stability of the network supports, cognitive ability, and symptom severity
Source: Special Education for Today's Teachers (2008) by Rosenberg, Westling, and McLeskey
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